nikomc.com Back
// biotechnology · geopolitics · science

A Reading Guide to Chinese Biotech

China is a study in extremes. It's the world's oldest continuous civilization, yet also, as Dan Wang writes, a country that "combines lengthy periods of stasis with episodes of extreme movement." In 1970, when China's GDP per capita was about $1,400 in today's dollars, Francis Crick predicted that "it would not be surprising if eventually China became a major scientific power." Half a century later, China has transformed even more drastically than Crick imagined.

Reading about China is one thing; seeing it in person is another entirely. Even the most insightful articles are a poor substitute for walking the transformed trading ports of Shanghai, the one-time fishing village of Shenzhen, or the ancient capital of Beijing, all of which would be unrecognizable to a visitor from 1970. So visit China if you can. Reading won't substitute for such a trip, but it can help sharpen your perspective ahead of time.

About a dozen scientists, mostly from the Bay Area, recently traveled from Beijing to Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, and down into Hong Kong. Beforehand, we swapped articles and books, slowly building a "Reading Guide to China." The initial list included more than 100 articles — heavily Silicon Valley-esque in its viewpoint — which we pared down to just 51. We included only books and articles we've actually read, and have prioritized pieces that (we think) are likely to have a longer shelf-life.

This guide is for people working in biotechnology, though there are links about AI in China, as well as many books and podcasts about the country's history and geopolitics. The "Sources" section, at the end of this list, features many writers who are not widely known in the west. We recommend following them online if you want to get regular updates on scientific progress in China.

1 America Against America Wang Huning
History & Politics
2 The Search for Modern China Jonathan Spence
History & Politics
3 The Private Life of Chairman Mao Li Zhisui
History & Politics
4 Wild Swans Jung Chang
History & Politics
5 The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers Richard McGregor
History & Politics
6 China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know Arthur Kroeber
Economics
7 Chip War Chris Miller
Business
8 How China's Leaders Think Robert Lawrence Kuhn
History & Politics
9 Breakneck: China's Quest to Engineer the Future Dan Wang
Economics
10 Apple in China Patrick McGee
Business
11 Age of Ambition Evan Osnos
History & Politics
12 River Town + Oracle Bones, Country Driving Peter Hessler
History & Politics
13 The Scientist and the Spy Mara Hvistendahl
History & Politics
14 China: A Century of Revolution PBS
History & Politics
15 Asianometry Jon Y
Business
16 American Factory Bognar & Reichert
History & Politics
17 The China History Podcast Laszlo Montgomery
History & Politics
18 Why China's manufacturing economy is dominating Dwarkesh / Arthur Kroeber
Economics
19 Xi Jinping's paranoid approach to AGI, debt crisis & Politburo politics Dwarkesh / Victor Shih
History & Politics
20 Shenzhen is the Technology Capital of the World Manifold #107 / Taylor Ogan
Business
20a Letter from Beijing, with Han Feizi Manifold #72
Economics
20b China's tech frontier, the view from Shenzhen Manifold #47 / Taylor Ogan
Business
21 Huawei, China's Telecom Giant and Geopolitical Lightning Rod Acquired Podcast
Business
21a Sequoia Capital Part II, Expanding Beyond Silicon Valley Acquired Podcast
Business
22 PLA Purges ChinaTalk
History & Politics
23 Annual Letters Dan Wang
Economics
23a An Interview with Dan Wang About China, the U.S., and Technology Stratechery
Economics
24 Notes on China Dwarkesh Patel
History & Politics
25 China Can't Win Alexander Campbell
Economics
26 The China Cultural Clash Stratechery
History & Politics
27 How To Understand the Provinces, Prefectures, Counties and Towns of China David Fishman
History & Politics
28 A Silent Handover — How Automation Is Transforming Jobs in China's Manufacturing Fred Gao
Economics
29 China's Age of Malaise Evan Osnos, The New Yorker
History & Politics
30 Chinese countryside's quieter strains The East is Read
History & Politics
31 I am your Chinese spy. Show me your cat. The East is Read
History & Politics
32 The Drug Industry is Having Its Own DeepSeek Moment David Wainer, WSJ
Biotech
33 China's leap in pharma: slow and fast trends behind its rise Alex Kesin
Biotech
34 Abandoning the US: top Chinese scientists return home South China Morning Post
Biotech
35 Will all our drugs come from China? Alex Telford
Biotech
36 How financial architectures shaped Chinese drug development Abhishaike Mahajan
Biotech
37 Former China FDA Chief on Biopharmaceutical Industry's Achievements and Challenges Bi Jingquan, trans. Zichen Wang
Biotech
38 An Inside Look at China's Regulatory and Drug Approval Processes Redica Systems
Biotech
39 The Rise of Drug Innovation in China Vokinger, Li & Wouters, NEJM
Biotech
40 The rise of China's pharmaceutical industry from 2015–2024 Liu, Hu, Ge et al., Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Biotech
41 From Free Rider to Innovator: The Rise of China's Drug Development NBER
Biotech
42 Clinical Trial Abundance, Made in China Jacob Stern, ChinaTalk
Biotech
43 Quality of Drug Clinical Trials in China: A Mixed Methods Research Chen X et al., J. Evidence-Based Medicine
Biotech
44 To Get More Effective Drugs, We Need More Human Trials Teslo & Scannell, Macroscience
Biotech
45 Trends of Phase I Clinical Trials in Mainland China Over the Past 10 Years Chen Chen et al., Frontiers in Medicine
Biotech
46 Pivoting as an Adaptive Strategy to Geopolitical Tensions in U.S. Science Li, Ma, Wang & Wang
Biotech
47 Registered Clinical Trial Trends Evolved Differently in East Asia versus the U.S. Lee, Lee, Shin & Ioannidis
Biotech
48 The Gene Factory Michael Specter, The New Yorker
Biotech
49 Paper Tiger? Chinese Science and Home Bias in Citations Qiu, Steinwender & Azoulay, NBER
Biotech
50 How Big Pharma's China Trials Are Escaping Scrutiny The Wire China
Biotech
51 The Emergence of China as a Leading Nation in Science Ping Zhou & Loet Leydesdorff
Biotech